Martial Arts and The Bible

As a Christian and a martial arts student, I have often wrestled with the idea of self-defense. Does God expect me to defend my family and myself when physically attacked or am I to "turn the other cheek" and endure it in the name of Jesus? As I considered the many comments I encountered on this topic, I became even more confused. Some advocates for "religion" have gone as far as to say that anyone who practices any form of martial arts is without a doubt bound for hell. It wasn't until I committed myself to a more thorough study of the scriptures that I discovered the truth for myself. The Bible gives more than a few examples of the practice of self-defense and the idea of martial arts. I would like to share some of what I have learned in this study of the Bible - Old Testament and New. The Bible is, in fact, the very word of God (II Timothy 3:16-17).

God and Warfare

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The first example of a physical struggle in the Bible is in Genesis chapter 4. It is here that Cain kills his brother Abel. This is an act of violence condemned by God for two reasons. First, the violence was out of anger and jealousy because his brother's actions were better than his own (Genesis 4:4-7). Secondly, the violence was pre-meditated. God confronted Cain before this violence occurred. He told Cain that he would need to figure out how to master the sin of anger and jealousy that was trying to overtake him. What this scripture teaches is that God does not want us to initiate violence but he wants us to train ourselves to master our emotions when tempted with feelings of anger, jealousy and rage. He wants us to prepare our hearts to respond humbly. I believe the study of martial arts can provide this kind of training. I have seen it in my son's martial arts class. His sensei (teacher) may spend up to half of the one-hour class teaching the children humility, manners, concern for others and peace-making. They are taught to avoid violence and stay calm in situations of conflict. This kind of character training is right in line with the example of God's training of Cain.

The next biblical example of a conflict involving a physical struggle is found in Genesis chapter 14. In this chapter, kings are at war and Abram's nephew, Lot, and Lot's family are taken captive. In response to hearing the news about his relatives, Abram sends men to rescue them. In Genesis 14:14-16, Abram sent out "the 318 trained men born in his household". It seems that even though Abram was not at war, he had a training program for his family and household. It was obviously a training program for warfare of some kind - and a good one, at that, since they were victorious in returning Lot, his family and all of their possessions from the hands of warring kings. After Abram's successful rescue, he is honored by God and reminded that God had made him successful against his adversary. God later renames Abram, "Abraham" and he becomes the founding father of faith for the Jewish people (and later Christians as well).

To clarify the meaning of the term "martial arts", Webster's defines the word martial as "warfare" or "warrior", and arts as "a skill acquired by study". In the story of Abram rescuing Lot, the Bible gives us an example of warrior training. Not everyone in Abram's household was a part of the 318 trained men, but the ones that were had excellent martial arts training. And God helped them to be victorious as they executed their warfare skills.

Here are a few other brief examples of warfare, from the Old Testament, that could be studied further:

Genesis 32 - Jacob avoids war with his brother, Esau. He prepares for battle but orchestrates a peaceful resolution. Deuteronomy 20 - God goes with the warriors to fight against their enemies. II Samuel 23:8-39 - the Bible describes David and his mighty men of battle. Nehemiah 4 - the builders of Jerusalem's city wall carry weapons to defend themselves during the rebuilding.

There are many more examples in the Old Testament, with a wide variety of scenarios and many unique resolutions. The subject of warfare is very complex and each situation needs to be considered carefully. Therefore, when faced with adversity, wisdom needs to be applied.

An Eye For An Eye

Even with the Old Testament of the Bible showing support for martial arts training, some might argue that the God of the Old Testament is different than the God of the New Testament - that God's position on warfare changed when Jesus came on the scene. It might be said that the God of the Old Testament was about war and the God of the New Testament is about peace.

The Bible, however, does not support this. James 1:17 says that God does not change, and Hebrews 13:8 says that Jesus Christ [God] is the same yesterday, today and forever. Therefore, the God of the Old Testament is the same God of the New Testament. As we continue to study this topic, we will see that the New Testament also discusses self-defense and the idea of martial arts.

Matthew 5:38-42, in which Jesus talks about "an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth", has been used to condemn martial arts. It reads, "You have heard that it was said, 'Eye for eye, and tooth for tooth.' But I tell you do not resist an evil person. If someone strikes you on the right cheek, turn to him the other also. And if someone wants to sue you and take your tunic, let him have your cloak as well. If someone forces you to go one mile, go with him two miles. Give to the one who asks you, and do not turn away from the one who wants to borrow from you." At first glance this passage seems to be advocating a reversal of the Old Testament laws. I was swayed by this argument myself, and was torn in my own convictions for some time. But when I finally decided to dig deeper into the Bible, I was amazed and encouraged to find some answers.

Many people who want to obey the Bible simply gloss over this scripture, like I did, because they are torn between what they think the Bible says and their consciences telling them to prepare for warfare and to protect.

The truth is that Jesus never intended to abolish the Old Testament laws. He only intended to clarify them, to reinforce them, fulfill them, and reveal God's heart behind them. This is what Jesus says just moments earlier in Matthew 5:17: "Do not think that I have come to abolish the [Old Testament] Law or the Prophets; I have not come to abolish them but to fulfill them." When Jesus speaks about "turning the other cheek", in Matthew 5, he is referring to the Old Testament Mosaic laws found in Exodus 21, 22 and 23. These chapters in Exodus contain the laws God gave to his people, which reinforce and further detail the famous "ten commandments". Jesus is specifically referring to Exodus 21:22 where God explains what punishment should be given if men are fighting and an innocent by-stander is harmed (in this instance, a pregnant woman). This is not a scripture about self-defense but about restitution and punishment for a crime. Jesus referred to this scripture because the people, in religious self-righteousness, were using this particular scripture to justify retaliation and vengeance.

"An eye for an eye" had become an excuse to be intolerant and merciless toward one another. A closer look at the "act of aggression" that Jesus refers to as a strike on the cheek, will reveal that he is talking about an insult rather than a fighting fist. The word "strike" is translated from the Greek word "rhapizo" which is used interchangeably with the word "slap". In the Jewish culture (as in many other cultures), a slap in the face was a form of humiliation or rebuke. It was not necessarily a physical attack and was not meant to result in physical harm. Even Exodus 21:21 (regarding "an eye for an eye") says that if, as a result of a conflict, a pregnant by-stander is forced to give birth pre-maturely but there is no serious injury to the woman or the baby, "an eye for an eye" should not be applied as a punishment. Jesus is confirming that this Old Testament law regarding punishment is not to be used as an excuse for retaliation when inconvenienced or insulted. Jesus is exposing the heart of man and is further clarifying the Old Testament Law. God's desire is that we don't retaliate but rather that we restrain our emotions in the heat of conflict and maintain righteousness and mercifulness. We are not to pounce on our adversary at the first sign that we have been offended. The ultimate goal of God is to win over the offender, help him to see God's mercy and institute a change of heart in the offender (see 2 Peter 3:9-15 and Luke 9:51-56 for further study).

Guidelines For Martial Arts

The Bible provides some guidelines for practicing self-defense and martial arts as it aims to clarify what is and is not acceptable in the face of conflict. II Timothy 3:16-17 says, "All Scripture [the Bible] is God-breathed and is useful for teaching, rebuking, correcting and training in righteousness, so the man of God may be thoroughly equipped for every good work." I Corinthians 13:7 says, "[Love] always protects, always trusts, always hopes, always perseveres". Using the Bible as a guide, a person can become thoroughly equipped to be a protector.

Permanent injury or death can occur as a result of practicing martial arts. This does not make martial arts unacceptable to God but God clarifies what is and is not acceptable in regard to deadly force in various situations. For example, Exodus 21:12-14 says that if a person is killed unintentionally, the killer is not guilty of murder. If it is intentional, the killer is to be sentenced to death. Exodus 21:18-19 says that if men are quarreling and one strikes the other and injures him seriously but not permanently (even with a weapon), he is responsible only to compensate the injured man for loss of time and medical expenses. I point out these scriptures to show that God is concerned with the attacker's and the defender's intentions as well as the outcome of the conflict. We cannot simply say that anyone who harms or kills another man is guilty and has committed a sin. It depends on his intentions. Also, we see that using extreme force, or even a weapon may be acceptable if it is used in a way as to not intentionally inflict permanent damage.

The Bible refers to another situation in which self-defense may be used during a robbery, in Exodus 22:2-3. If a man is being robbed, he is entitled to protect his property, his family and himself. If the attempted robbery takes place at night and the actions of self-defense result in the death of the robber, the defender is not guilty. If the attempted robbery takes place in the daytime and the robber is killed, the defender is guilty of sin. The difference may be that in the daytime, the defender should have more control of his actions and should be able to subdue the robber without killing him. Self-defense is warranted but control must be applied. At night, in the dark, maximum force would be acceptable since it is more difficult to assess the threat that the robber poses. It would be more difficult to tell if the attacker had a weapon, or to assess his physical strength.

God expects us to constantly make decisions about the situations we are in. In regard to martial arts and self-defense, it seems that God is concerned with our intentions. Guilt and innocence, to him, are a matter of the heart. God expects us to be directed by the heart of the scriptures in the Bible. We must be directed in our actions by scriptures such as Deuteronomy 5:17, which says, "You shall not murder" as well as I Corinthians 13:7 which says, "[Love] always protects". As the Bible states in II Timothy 3:16-17, all Bible scripture is relevant and useful. During one of my martial arts classes, one of my fellow students asked our sensei, "What attack should I make now?" He had just finished practicing a series of intense self-defense tactics on his partner, rendering him harmless. Sensei replied, "Run". No final "kill-move"? No, it is time to make another decision about the threat the attacker poses. If the attacker has been successfully rendered harmless then you shouldn't stick around to inflict more damage or further risk your own safety. The Bible gives us specific guidelines for martial arts but God also communicates his heart about how he wants us to treat one another. He wants us to treat one another with love - even in conflict.

Weapons

I have also wrestled with the question of whether or not it was right for weapons to be used as a means of defense. Should I own a fighting knife, a sword or a gun? Isaiah 2:4 says, "...They will beat their swords into plowshares and their spears into pruning hooks. Nation will not take up sword against nation, nor will they train for war anymore." If this scripture were taken out of context with the rest of the Bible, to use a weapon would be a sin. But this scripture has to be balanced with others. In the context, this scripture is describing the contrast between the nations of that time and the type of nation Jesus would establish in the future. The nation that Jesus would establish would have no military and there would be no physical walls to defend. It would be a spiritual nation, not a physical one.

The New Testament clearly confirms the right to bear arms. Romans 13:4 says, "For [the governing authority] is God's servant to do you good. But if you do wrong, be afraid, for he does not bear the sword for nothing. He is God's servant, an agent of wrath to bring punishment on the wrongdoer." Even Jesus directs his disciples to acquire weapons as the time of his crucifixion approached. Luke 22:36 says, "He said to them, 'But now if you have a purse, take it, and also a bag; and if you don't have a sword, sell your cloak and buy one.'" And in Luke 22:38, "The disciples said, 'See Lord, here are two swords.' 'That is enough,' he replied." Peter soon after uses the sword to protect Jesus and Jesus rebukes him for it. This was not to say that it is wrong to use a weapon to protect someone. Peter had earlier been rebuked by Jesus for trying to keep him from fulfilling his mission of dying for the sins of the world (see Matthew 16:21-28). Jesus was re-stating that Peter was not to protect Jesus from going to his death. This was not the correct time to use the sword. Jesus had his disciples arm themselves because Jesus was not going to be with them, physically, any longer. They would need to protect themselves and each other and Jesus gave them the right to bear arms in order to do so.

Martial Arts Is Not Religion

It is important to note that martial arts is not religion in that it is not an institute of service and worship of God. It is only a tool to accomplish a necessary training. There will be flaws in all martial arts training and even things taught that are contradictory to the Bible. This will happen even when the martial arts style or system is advocating biblical-based training. Romans 3:4 says, "...Let God be true and every man a liar." My son was recently taught by an instructor during class to avoid talking about politics and religion in order to avoid conflict. Though I appreciate the effort made to train the kids to keep the peace, the concept is biblically flawed. I spent the next week teaching Bible scriptures to my son such as Acts 4, "Judge for yourselves whether it is right in God's sight to obey [man] rather than God. For we cannot help speaking about what we have seen and heard." It is each person's responsibility as a Christian to know what the Bible teaches. Even in Acts 17:10-11, when the apostle Paul taught the people of Berea, the Bereans were honored by God for having a noble character because, "they received the message with great eagerness and examined the scriptures every day to see if what Paul said was true." Each of us has the same responsibility to examine the scriptures to see if what we are being taught is true, whether it be a teaching from our martial arts instructor, school teacher, neighbor, or religious leader.

Conclusion

Martial arts training has its place. It can help people learn to deal with the inevitable conflicts in life. There is no escaping battle in life. God wants people to be prepared to handle these battles, whether it is to turn the other cheek to an insult, find a peaceful resolution, or physically defend themselves or others. Martial arts and self-defense are not sinful or inherently wrong, but without the guidance of God and the Bible, martial arts could be misapplied. Without proper biblical training we are left to our own sinful nature, which tends toward retaliation, haste, fear, hatred, pacifism, and intolerance. Martial arts is a biblical concept, but even more attention should be given to biblical training. The Bible should be used in conjunction with martial arts training. In conclusion, I Timothy 4:7-8, which says, "Have nothing to do with godless myths and old wives' tales; rather, train yourself to be godly. For physical training is of some value, but godliness has value for all things, holding promise for both the present life and the life to come."

Martial Arts and The Bible

Making Fitness Or Martial Arts Part of Your Life

Pick up a newspaper or turn on the local news on any given day and you are liable to hear a report on how Americans are getting fatter. Government statistics tell us that approximately 60 percent of Americans (127 million people) are overweight. Many women who enroll in martial arts or fitness clubs have a primary goal of losing weight. Unfortunately, some expect instant results. If they don't see immediate weight loss they become discouraged and inpatient. Some even drop out altogether.

In my 20 plus years of training men, women and children of all shapes and sizes, I have learned that diets just don't work. If they did, we wouldn't have an obesity epidemic. The diet industry continually makes promises that they can't deliver and is fleecing the public at the tune of billion dollars a year. The diet industry doesn't want to tell you the truth. And why should they with the kind of money they're taking out of people's misery? The truth is that weight loss is difficult for many people to achieve. Weight loss is a personal struggle, complicated by an individual's upbringing, eating habits, metabolism, genetics and psychology. Yo-yo dieting and subjecting the body to strange eating regimes is much more detrimental to one's physical and mental health than maintaining a steady weight.

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I'm not here to sell you the same bill of goods as the diet industry. What I will do is encourage you to develop a healthy lifestyle and feel better about yourself. When you train, go with the attitude that you want to move, breathe and stretch. What's important is that you focus on wellness. According to Steven Blair, director of research at the Cooper Institute for Aerobics Research in Dallas, Texas, "There is a misdirected obsession with weight and weight loss. The focus is wrong. It's fitness that is the key."

Fitness is also a word that has been presented to the public at large. Go to any gym in America, what do you see? Weights and cardio machines, not much more. The only thing you can do is train strength and endurance; that's not enough for true fitness! And how about the gyms with Yoga classes? Great, add flexibility to the list, if your lucky. You see Yoga teachers are a dime a dozen in America, especially in fitness gyms. Finding a good teacher is like finding a needle in a haystack, and they're not at your local "Fitness" Center! Truth is many of the "Yoga" instructors in gyms don't know a great deal and could actually end up hurting you.

Fitness is far more in-depth then most people are looking at. If your not improving in all areas of human performance: strength, endurance, flexibility, coordination, balance, body unity, grace, speed, hand eye coordination, reactions (and the list goes on) you are not completely improving your fitness.

You will notice that with a good well rounded system of exercise, you will start having more strength, more endurance, and more flexibility, and all the other benefits mentioned above. If you want to lose weight, it will take patience, exercise, sensible diet changes, and sacrifice. There is no way around it. Focus on fitness, moving, breathing, stretching, feeling strong and enjoying your martial arts or fitness routine.

Making Fitness Or Martial Arts Part of Your Life

Art Deco Movement - The Foundation Stone of Modern Art

'Art Deco' was a mainstream international design movement, spreading over a span of fourteen years, from 1925 to 1939. It played a crucial role in the development and the progression of Modern Art. The Deco Movement embodied a blend of the different modern decorative art styles, largely from 1920s and 1930s. These styles were the derivatives of several state-of-the-art painting philosophies of the twentieth century, including 'Neoclassical,' 'Constructivism,' 'Cubism,' 'Modernism,' 'Art Nouveau,' and 'Futurism.' The Deco movement influenced various decorative arts, such as architecture, interior designing, industrial designing, and visual art forms like fashion, painting, graphic arts, and cinema.

The term 'Art Deco' was coined in an exhibition, 'Exposition Internationale des Arts Decoratifs et Industriels Modernes,' held in Paris, in the year 1925. The exhibition was organized by some French artists to promote the creation of a new genre of art, adapted to the contemporary lifestyle, a distinct sense of individuality, and fine workmanship. The organizers of this exhibition were the members of the society, 'La Societe des artistes decorateurs,' including, Hector Guinmard, Eugene Grasset, Raoul Lachenal, Paul Follot, Maurice Dufrene, and Emily Decour. The term 'Art Deco' however, gained widespread recognition only in the year 1968, when art historian Bevis Hiller, came out with his popular book, 'Art Deco of the 20s and 30s,' and organized an exhibition, 'Art Deco,' at the Minneapolis Institute of Arts.

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This movement was distinguished for its abstraction, manipulation, and simplification of defined geometric shapes, and a vivid use of colors. The bold color schemes and blending curves were the focal points of the true 'Deco' creations. The so-called 'ancient arts' of Africa, Ancient Egypt, and Aztec Mexico, prominently inspired this movement. In the age of machines and streamline technology, the use of materials, such as plastics, enamels, harden concrete, and an unusual type of glass, 'vita-glass,' greatly affected the movement. There is sufficient evidence to indicate the employment of materials, like aluminum, stainless steel, lacquer, inlaid wood, along with exotic materials, like zebra and sharkskin.

The Empire State Building, famous for its pyramid-like structure, and the Chrysler Building, known for its multi-arched dome, are the living examples of the 'Deco' style. The movement even outlined the fashion industry of Paris in the 1920s. The dresses sported large chromium buttons, head-hugging cloche hats worn with huge fur collars, dangling earrings, and so called 'bobbed hairstyles,' all amounting to completely new and revolutionary look. The BBC Building in Portland Place and the basement of the Strand Palace Hotel, London are the examples of the pure 'Art Deco' style. The popularity of this movement took a beating during late 30s and 40s, but regained its lost sheen with the surge in the following of 'graphic designing' in the 1980s.

Art Deco Movement - The Foundation Stone of Modern Art

Growing Opportunities For Advancing Degrees, Accelerated Bachelors Through Masters

Colleges and universities throughout the country this year began providing students new educational opportunities through additional degree programs. While many of the added programs came in the form of bachelors degrees, colleges and universities also introduced combined degree programs and announced articulation agreements. Through the articulation agreements, students who earn a bachelor at one college or university would be able to save money when moving on to a masters degree at another institution. With the combined degree programs, students earn credits toward a masters degree while working on their bachelor degree. At least one institution announced the addition of an accelerated bachelors degree program that can also save students time and money. The new degree programs include:

Ashford University: This Clinton, Iowa-based institution this fall announced new bachelors degrees in business leadership, adult development, military studies and health marketing and communication. The health marketing and communication and the adult development and military studies programs are online degree programs. Courses for four year degree in business leadership are taught online and on campus, according to the institution. Ashford University also has added two specializations to its masters degree in education. These latest additions, reading literacy and library and media, bring the number of masters degree in education specializations to 14.

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Bellevue University: This Belleview, Neb.-based institution in June announced a new bachelors degree in early childhood program management. The bachelors degree program is accelerated and provides information that it says is relevant to early child care and education. According to the Bellevue University announcement, this degree is intended for administrators, licensing agency staff members, childcare providers and those who have graduated from early childhood associate degree programs at community colleges.

Benedictine University: This Lisle, Ill.-based institution in July announced new bachelors degrees in criminal justice and graphic arts and design. The programs began with the fall 2010 semester. Where the four year degree in graphic arts and design familiarizes students with different approaches to design and teachers them how to resolve issues regarding aesthetic, technical and conceptual problems, the degree in criminal justice teaches critical thinking research, problem solving and other skills, according to a Benedictine University announcement. Students in the graphic arts and design program also gain experience and are able to network through internships.

Brandman University: This Irvine, Calif., institution in May announced that it was adding a new bachelors degree in business administration as well as a masters degree in business administration. The new degree programs are designed to prepare students for entrepreneurship, sustainability, leadership and more in a global economy, according to a Brandman University announcement. They were expected to be available at Brandman University campuses throughout California and Washington State as of the fall 2010 semester.

Brown College: This Mendota Heights, Minn.-based institution, through an agreement with Colorado Technical University, allows students who receive a bachelors degree in criminal justice from Brown College to move into a masters degree program in management with a criminal justice concentration at Colorado Technical University Online. Students who take advantage of the graduate education offering are eligible to save money through offerings such as application fee waivers that are a part of the agreement, according to an announcement from Brown College.

Capella University: This online institution since summer 2010 has added more than 11 new programs, including a combined bachelors degree in business with a healthcare management specialization and a master of health administration; a combined bachelors and masters degree in public safety. A combined bachelors in public safety and masters in public administration; a combined bachelor in psychology with a master in education; a combined bachelors degree in public administration with a masters degree in public administration option; and a master's degree in public administration and in the public safety joint program. Capella University also has added a reading and literacy specialization to its doctor of education degree. In October, Capella University announced that it had established online certificate programs in play therapy and interdisciplinary forensics, as well as a family psychology concentration option with its masters degree in psychology with a general psychology specialization.

Students have a variety of scholarship opportunities when it comes to finding money to help pay for bachelors degree programs and more at colleges and universities. The US Departments of Education and Labor, along with the non-profit College Board, and websites such as scholarships.com and fastweb.org allow students to search for scholarships. Colleges and universities also provide scholarships for students who plan to study with them.

Growing Opportunities For Advancing Degrees, Accelerated Bachelors Through Masters

Shin-Toshi - Best Kept Martial Arts Secret

Mickey N. Fisher founded Shin-toshi more than 25 years ago, in 1963. This precedes Bruce Lee's development of Jeet Kun Do by six months. Mr. Fisher began his training in karate with the Korean Art of Tae Kwon Do. He received his first degree black belt from Jhoon Rhee. Mr. Rhee awarded Mr. Fisher his black belt despite the fact that his immediate instructor objected because he personally witnessed Mr. Fisher's skill.

Mr. Fisher was America's first teenage black belt. He first attained a first-degree black belt from Jhoon Rhee in 1962. Mr. Fisher continued his training in martial-arts with advanced degrees in Moo Duk Kwon, Kenpo and some other styles. Mr. Fisher's highest degree, a 9th Degree Black Belt, is in Shin-toshi Karate and Chung Do Kwan Take Kwon Do.

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Mike Burke who was and is a student of Mr. Fisher's owns and operates the Utah Karate Institute in Northern Utah and is the second highest ranking martial artist in Shin-Toshi. He has attained the rank of 7th degree black belt. Mr. Burke has been teaching Karate for more than 20 years and oversees the International Shin-toshi federation with Mr. Fisher.

Shin-toshi karate takes the best of Tai Kwan-Do and Judo and combines them to create a very effective and very beautiful Martial Art. With Shin-toshi you learn very strong kicks similar to the Japanese and Chinese styles. This includes a strong front thrust kick as well as a powerful back kick, the most powerful kick in all of the Martial Arts. Other kicks learned in Shin-toshi are the front snap, spin, turn, side, jump front, jump spin, and the crescent kick.

There are many punches in Shin-toshi include the snapping fist, the palm heal strike, the Vertical punch, the front and rear elbow strike, the inside and outside hammer fist, the inside and outside chop. Special techniques and movements are applied to these punches to make them very effective when one has to defend themself.

Shin-toshi utilizes many blocks. A few of these blocks are the inward, outward, upward, downward, and shunt blocks. Since Shin-toshi is a defensive form of Karate, these blocks are important in responding to an attacker. Each of the blocks in Shin-toshi give you the opportunity to take the advantage over your opponent.

A big emphasis is given to folds and then striking and then folding back again which each kick and punch. This emphasis gives each strike its power.

The ranks in Shin-toshi go in the following order: white, yellow stripe, yellow, gold, orange, green, blue, purple, brown, and then the black belt.

The length of time to learn Shin-toshi averages, but is typically between 3-5 years. Learning Shin-toshi takes a lot of practice and is really for students who are dedicated to learning Shin-toshi. It has been proven that learning a Martial Art such as Shin-toshi increases self-esteem. For children who have an aggressive nature it has been shown to help them bring this aggression under control and helps them know when and when not to be aggressive.

Learn more about the Utah Karate Institute at http://www.karateshin-toshi.com. Mr. Burke is one of the best instructors for both children (approximately 8 yoa and older, ability to know left from right) and adults alike.

"Be like the thorn to the bush, ever ready to protect the rose, yet at peace and seeking no confrontation"

Shin-Toshi - Best Kept Martial Arts Secret

Arts Integration and Learning Styles Go Hand in Hand In Oklahoma City Schools

Many people understand the importance of exposure to the arts. We love art; it is a necessary part of our society. In fact, for every culture and every society, art in some form or another is critical to how we live. For many, many years, arts programs have been cut in Oklahoma City Schools in efforts to divert funds to "more pressing" subject areas like reading and mathematics. While these are indeed necessary subjects for Oklahoma City Schools students to master, including an arts education in a student's learning experiences can do nothing but improve their time attending Oklahoma City Schools, as well as contribute to the amount of success they see as a whole.

Most Oklahoma City Public Schools concentrate on teaching students in three ways; by showing them how to do things, by telling them the information they need, or by giving them opportunities to try things themselves (also known as visual, auditory, and kinesthetic learning styles).

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There are, in fact, many learning styles as identified by Howard Gardner, psychologist and noted pedagogical theorist:

- Linguistic - "word-smart"

- Interpersonal - "people smart"

- Bodily-kinesthetic - "body smart"

- Logical-mathematical - "math smart"

- Naturalist - "nature smart"

- Spatial - "picture smart"

- Musical - "music smart"

- Intrapersonal - "self smart"

More than ever, schools are realizing the importance of addressing all of these learning styles. Students attending certain Oklahoma City Schools are reaping the benefits of the commitment to providing educational experiences via these learning styles.

In efforts to give more and more students an education that addresses their specific learning style(s), some Oklahoma City Schools are integrating the arts into their programs. Following an "A+" model originally begun in North Carolina, Oklahoma City Schools are instituting their own arts integration programs. Originally a project of the DaVinci Institute, it is currently administered by the University of Central Oklahoma.

The model being used by Oklahoma City Schools looks at 8 different areas to improve arts integration in their schools:

1) Arts;

2) Curriculum;

3) Multiple intelligences;

4) Experiential learning;

5) Enriched assessment;

6) Collaboration;

7) Infrastructure; and

8) Climate

For teachers employed with Oklahoma City Schools, the program has been a godsend. All educators strive to "light the spark" and desperately want to reach all - 100% - of their students. For the instructional staff, of the Oklahoma City Schools using this model, discovering how to appeal to the different ways children learn has been exactly what they have been looking for.

Another impressive aspect of the program is the Oklahoma City Schools professional development that goes along with it. Instead of giving newly trained teaches the manual with the expectation that they follow the model, the A+ model provides extensive and ongoing training and support to all teachers new to the program. Oklahoma City Schools' teachers focus on learning to work together, using research-based practices to establish curriculum that includes interdisciplinary themes that foster arts integration across classes as well as use Gardner's various learning styles.

Arts Integration and Learning Styles Go Hand in Hand In Oklahoma City Schools

Assumption of the Virgin by El Greco

At the Art Institute of Chicago there is a monumental work by El Greco entitled The Assumption Of The Virgin" which hangs prominently in the Mannerist Galleries. This work of art (considered by the museum it's greatest "Old Masters" treasure) was originally housed in the church of Santo Domingo, Toledo, Spain.

As you enter the gallery this piece dominates a gallery that is already filled with other prominent works of art from the same period. However, the dramatic affect created by El Greco with this piece is of a higher level than the other works in the gallery. Notably the first thing that you notice is that the painting is curved at the top since is was installed in a church. Second, the height and scale of the work command respect which draws the viewer closer to the work.

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Now as we examine this piece we have a scene here with the Virgin ascending upwards into heaven on a crescent moon (one would hope that El Greco knew that the moon was round). Mary as you can expect dominates the painting but in an interesting manner. Looking at the painting you will see that the work is really two piece in one co-joined by the Virgin. The first scene is of the tomb and apostles surrounding it in amazement with the tomb vividly rendered with its top removed and laid aside (you can see the corner of the top pointing upwards to the Virgin, a brilliant way of bringing the two scenes together).

This bottom scene is broken up into two parts, that of the tomb itself and then the group of apostles to the right of it. The group is separated by the lid of the tomb with stand between them. The atmosphere around the mourners is dark and outlines the figures clearly delineating their figures. This dark tone gives structural support to the painting which gets lighter as you look upwards towards heaven. There are no dark tones at all in the upper section of the piece.

The upper scene is of heaven with attending angels and nymphs ready to receive the Virgin. This scene is sunny and light with a positive feeling to it, unlike the gloomy uncertainty that prevails in the lower scene. Between the two scenes is a host of clouds as a sort of cushion for the heavenly hosts and Mary. The most interesting element in this work is Mary's figure that connects the two scenes. This is the master stroke of the piece for most artists would struggle in making Mary look natural in the setting because when you attempt to co-join scenes with an image that image usually pays the price of becoming stylized and not part of either scene. This is not the case at all here, Mary joins both scenes together beautifully.

Stephen F. Condren - Artist

Assumption of the Virgin by El Greco